A digital object identifier (DOI) is a combination of letters and numbers string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content. The publisher assigns a DOI when your article is published and made available electronically.
It is recommended that when DOIs are available, include them for both print and electronic sources. The DOI is usually located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice. The DOI can also be found on the database landing page for the article.
example
Journal
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pp. xxx-xxx. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Pashkova-Balkenhol, T., Lenker, M., Cox, E., & Kocevar-Weidinger, E. (2019). Should we flip the script?: A literature review of deficit-based perspectives on first-year undergraduate students’ information literacy. Journal of Information Literacy, 13(2), 92-111. https://dx.doi.org/10.11645/13.2.2619
Ebook
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book. Publisher. https://doi
Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000
For example:
In-text citation
( Author, n.d.)
(Southey, n.d.)
For in-text citations for a website where no reference is being made to a specific document, use the following format: Name of website (https://xxxxx)
When citing an entire web site it is sufficient to cite the address in the text. No entry is needed in the reference list.
e.g. Lifeline crisis support, suicide prevention (http://www.lifeline.org.au/) is a website supporting ...
If the contents of the page are regularly updated, record the date you retrieved the information from in the website’s reference list entry with in this format: Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://xxxxx (American Psychological Society, 2020).
In-text citation
(Author, Date of publication)
Author (Date of publication)
Direct quote: (Author, Date of publication, p. x)
(Office of the Chief Psychiatrist, 2019)
Office of the Chief Psychiatrist (2019)
(Office of the Chief Psychiatrist, 2019, p. 4)
Reference list
Note: If the author and the web site have the same name, exclude the site name. If not, note the website’s name after the title of the webpage. Include all the information available about the date the document was published.
If the contents of the page are regularly updated, record the date you retrieved the information from in the website’s reference list entry with in this format: Retrieved Month Day, Year from https://xxxxx (American Psychological Society, 2020).
Author, A. A. (Date of publication e.g. 2018, August 6). Title of work. Site Name. https://xxxxx
Author. A. A. (Date of publication e.g. 2018, August 6). Title of work. Site Name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from https://xxxxx
Office of the Chief Psychiatrist. (2019, September). Chief Psychiatrist Annual Report 2018-19. Queensland Health. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/888051/Chief-Psychiatrists-Report-2018-19_FINAL.pdf
Note: If the author and the web site have the same name, exclude the site name. If the contents of the page are regularly updated, record the date you retrieved the information from in the webpage’s reference list entry with in this format: Retrieved Month Day, Year from https://xxxxx (American Psychological Society, 2020).
In-text citation
(Author, Year)
Author (Year)
Direct quote: (Author, Year, para. x)
(Rodriguez, 2019)
Rodriguez (2019)
(Rodriguez, 2019, para. 4)
Reference list
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of work. Site name. https://xxxxx
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of work. Site name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://xxxx
Rodriguez, C. (2019, November 24). Nature photographer of the year: Inspirational 2019 winning images. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2019/11/24/nature-photographer-of-the-year-the--inspirational-2019-winning-images/#5eef6a712c43
Queensland Health. (2016, July 26). Introducing complementary foods. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/clinical-staff/maternity/nutrition/infants/complementary
Bureau of Meteorology. (2022, April 28). Marine wind warning summary. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from http://www.bom.gov.au/qld/warnings/marinewind.shtml
Note: If the author and the web site have the same name, exclude the site name.
In-text citation
(Name of organisation, Year)
Name of organisation (Year)
Direct quote: (Name of organisation, Year, para. x)
(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 2019)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (2019)
(Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 2019, para. 4)
Reference list
Note: If the author and the web site have the same name, exclude the site name.
Name of Organisation. (Year of publication, Month Day). Title of web page. https://xxxxx
Name of Organisation. (Year of publication, Month Day). Title of web page. Publisher. https://xxxxx
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. (n.d.). Freedom of Information. https://www.csiro.au/en/About/Access-to-information/Freedom-of-Information
Australian Government. (n.d.). Agricultural and Forestry Scientists. JobOutlook. https://joboutlook.gov.au/Occupation?search=Industry&Industry=A&code=2341
In the following example, the retrieval date is included as the content is subject to change:
Queensland Health. (2019, October 31). Disaster and emergency incident plan. Queensland Government. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/queensland-health-disaster-management-plans/resource/949066d8-8215-44c7-b8b6-e7b00cbd6e02
In-text citation
Use the beginning of the title of the web page as the author.
(Australian Psychological Society, 2010)
Reference list
Name of organisation in full. (Year of publication). Title of work. http://xxx
OR
Title of page or document. (Year of publication). http://xxx
Australian Psychological Society. (2010). Bushfire resources: Psychological preparedness and recovery.
http://www.psychology.org.au/bushfires/
A pedagogy of listening. (2011). http://reggioaustralia.org.au/component/content/article/59
Use "n.d." instead of year - meaning no date available on web page.
Note: If the author and the web site have the same name, exclude the site name.
In-text citation
(Author, n.d.)
Author (n.d.)
Direct quote: (Name of organisation, n.d., para. x)
(Tourism and Events Queensland, n.d.)
Tourism and Events Queensland. (n.d.)
(Tourism and Events Queensland, n.d., para. 4)
Reference list
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work. Site name. https://xxxxx
Tourism and Events Queensland. (n.d.) Thargomindah. https://www.queensland.com/en-au/destination-information/thargomindah
In-text citation
(Author, Year)
Author (Year)
Direct quote: (Author, Year, para. x)
(Groves, 2019)
Groves (2019)
Reference list
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of work. Site Name. https://xxxx
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title. Site name. Retrieved Month, Day, Year, from https://xxxx
Groves, M. (2019, November 24). Is this the last generation of opal miners? ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-24/last-generation-of-opal-miners/11538542
In the following example, the retrieval date is included as the content is subject to change:
Leggett, T. (2019, November 26). Audi to cut 9,500 jobs to fund electric car push. BBC News. Retrieved November 26, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50563254
Press release
In-text citation
(Author, Year)
(Screen Australia, 2019)
Reference list
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title [Press release]. https://xxxxx
Screen Australia. (2019, June 12). Screen Australia and Vidcon Australia announce Pitcher Perfect [Press release]. https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/sa/media-centre/news/2019/06-12-pitcher-perfect-announced