In-text Citation
Rule: (Author Year)
(Cole 2019)
Rule: (Author Year:page number)
(Cole 2019:9)
Reference List
Rule: Author AA (Year) Title of book: subtitle of book, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Cole K (2019) Leadership & management: theory and practice, 7th edn, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author and Author Year) OR Author and Author (Year)
(Samson and Daft 2011)
Samson and Daft (2011) argues that top managers set the goals for their institute and departments.
(Author and Author Year:page number)
(Samson and Daft 2011:57)
Reference List
Rule: Author AA and Author BB (Year) Title of work: subtitle of work, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Samson D and Daft R (2011) Fundamentals of management, Thomson, South Melbourne, Victoria.
Note: For a work by 3 or more authors, use the first author’s surname plus the Latin term ‘et al.’ (meaning ‘and others’). Do not use italics for ‘et al.’. All authors’ names are included in the reference list.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author et al. Year)
(Weygandt et al. 2012)
Rule: (Author et al. Year:page number)
(Weygandt et al. 2012:34)
Reference List
Rule: Author AA, Author BB, Author CC and Author DD (Year) Title of book, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Weygandt JJ, Kimmel PD, Kieso DE and Mladenovic-McAlpine R (2012) Accounting: building business skills, 4th edn, John Wiley, Milton Qld.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Editor ed Year)
(Gold ed 1999)
Rule: (Editor ed Year:page number)
(Gold ed 1999:45)
Reference List
Rule: Editor E (ed) (Year) Title of book: subtitle of book, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Gold M (ed) (1999) A Kurt Lewin reader: the complete social scientist, American Psychological Association, Washington.
Ransley J and Ingram H (eds) (2011) Developing hospitality properties and facilities, Butterworth-Heinmann, Oxford.
Note: Refer only to the author in the in-text citation. Refer to both the author and the editor in the reference list.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author Year)
(Foucault 2003)
Rule: (Author Year:page number)
(Foucault 2003:71)
Reference List
Rule: Author A (Year) Title of book: subtitle of book (Editor E ed), Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Foucault M (2003) Abnormal: lectures at the Collège de France (Marchetti W and Salomoni A eds), Picador, New York.
Note: If known, supply the original date of the work and the date of the translation.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author Year)
(Piaget 1969)
Rule: (Author Year:page number)
(Piaget 1969:16)
If the original date is known:
Rule: (Author Original Year/Translation Year)
(LaPlace 1814/1951)
Reference List
Rule: Author A (Year) English title of book: subtitle of book (Translator T trans), Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Piaget J (1969) The psychology of the child (Weaver H trans), Basic Books, New York.
LaPlace P (1951) A philosophical essay on probabilities (Truscott FW and Emory FL trans), Dover, New York.
Note: In the text, name the original source and give the citation for the secondary source. Only give the secondary source in the reference list. This means you are citing a source that you have not directly read but has been quoted in another work which you have read. In the example below, you have read Burnett, who is citing Mandela but you have not read Mandela directly. You would like to cite Mandela.
In-text Citation
Rule: Primary Author (as cited in Secondary Author Year:page number)
Mandela (as cited in Burnett 2010:625)
Reference List
List only the secondary source (i.e. author/editor of the book you read)
Rule: Secondary Author AA (Year) Title of secondary work, Publisher, Location.
Burnett A (ed 2010) Chambers book of speeches, Chambers, Edinburgh.
Note: If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in date order in the reference list.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author Year)
(Kearns 2010)
(Kearns 2014)
Rule: (Author Year:page number)
(Kearns 2010:50)
(Kearns 2014:50)
Reference List
Rule: Author AA (1st Year) Title of work, Publisher, Location.
Rule: Author AA (2nd Year) Title of work, Publisher, Location.
Kearns K (2010) The big picture, Pearson, Frenchs Forest.
Kearns K (2014) The business of child care, 3rd edn, Cengage Learning, South Melbourne.
Note: If a reference list includes publications by two or more authors with the same surname, include the author's initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication is different.
In-text Citation
Rule: AA Author and BB Author (Year)
Among studies, we reviewed MA Light 2008 and Light I 2006...
Reference List
Rule: Author AA and Author BB (Year) Title of work, Publisher, Location.
Light I (2006) Deflecting immigration: networks, markets, and regulation in Los Angeles, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
Light MA (2008) The geographical expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States, Law United, New York.
Note: Include the edition number in the reference list entry. Abbreviate edition as ‘edn’ without a full stop. Include the year of publication of the edition you are using. The edition statement is used for second and later edition of a book, not the first edition.
For later editions see: Book - Later Editions
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author Year)
(Cole 2019)
Rule: (Author Year:page number)
(Cole 2019:14)
Reference List
Rule: Author A (Year) Title of book: subtitle of book, Xth edn, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Cole K (2019) Leadership & management: theory and practice, 7th edn, Pearson Education Australia, Frenchs Forest.
No date:
Note: For sources that do not have a date of publication, substitute n.d. (no date) after the name of the author.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author n.d.)
(Southey n.d.)
Rule: (Author n.d.:page number)
(Southey n.d.:18)
Reference List
Rule: Author A (n.d.) Title of book: subtitle of book, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Southey R (n.d.) The life of Nelson, Blackie, London, England.
Approximate date or estimated date:
Note: If publication date is not available use circa (meaning: about/approximately) before the year. This can be written as "c.".
In text Citation
Rule: (Author c. Year)
(Southey c.1977)
Rule: (Author c. Year:page number)
(Southey c.1977:56)
Reference List
Rule: Author A (c. approximate Year) Title of book: subtitle of book, Name of Publisher, Place of Publication.
Southey R (c.1977) The life of Nelson, Blackie, London, England.
Note: Page numbers are included as a part of the in-text citation if you are quoting directly from another person's work. In some cases, your teacher may specify that page numbers should be used for any in-text citation that has them available. Be sure to double check with your teacher ahead of submission.
In-text Citation
Rule: (Author Year:page number)
Single page citation: 'Many studies exist which focus on some of the individual elements of the learner journey' (Pittaway 2019:4).
Using author as part of the sentence: Pittaway (2019:4) states that 'Many studies exist which focus on some of the individual elements of the learner journey'.
Using a range of pages for citation: (Pittaway 2019:20-25).