This guide offers advice on how to use the Harvard referencing style, which is an author-date referencing style.
The author-date system uses:
The in-text citation briefly tells the reader the source of the information referenced. The citation within the text includes the author’s last name or the organisational/business name and the year of publication only. All in-text citations must have a matching reference list entry.
Please refer to the in-text citation section of this guide for more information.
The reference list comes at the end of the essay on a new page and provides the reader with the full details of all sources used in the in-text citations. The reference list includes all details such as author’s last name and the initials of first name and second name if available, publication year, the title of the source and other details such as publisher, URL or Digital object identifier (DOI).
Please refer to the reference list section of this guide for more information.
This guide has been created for the TAFE Queensland community using authoritative style manuals and associated websites. These resources are listed on the Referencing Resources tab of this Guide. Please remember this is only a guide.
Considerable effort has been applied to ensuring that the examples in this Guide comply with the guidelines set out in the style manuals, however the manuals are open to interpretation. Please send any feedback to Ask a Librarian.
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c.
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Circa |
See also: Publication details - dates |
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ch. |
Chapter Of a book or report |
See also: Book - Chapter in an edited book |
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DOI |
Digital Object Identifier A combination of letters and numbers to help identify electronic resources.
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See also: DOI |
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ed, eds |
Editor(s) If a book includes editors rather than authors.
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See also: Edited book |
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edn |
Edition For second and later edition of a book, not the first edition.
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See also: Book - Later Editions |
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et al. |
Meaning "and others" derived from Latin Used for works by 3 or more authors in-text citation. |
See also: Three or more authors |
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fig., figs. |
figure(s) For images, tables and graphs. |
See also: Tables and graphs |
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ill., ills. |
illustrator(s) For illustrated works. |
See also: Artwork |
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n.d. |
No date For sources that do not have a date of publication, use ‘n.d.’ in lieu of the year.
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See also: Publication details - dates |
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Pages |
Page(s) No abbreviations should be used.
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See also: Publication details - page numbers |
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Paragraphs |
Paragraph(s) No abbreviations should be used.
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See also: Direct quotes - paragraph numbers |
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rev. |
Revised edition Used in end-text referencing when item is identified as being a revised edition.
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See also: Book - Later Editions |
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trans. |
Translator(s) For translated works.
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See also: Translated book |
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vol, vols |
Volume(s) For journal articles. |
See also: Journal - Electronic |