A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a combination of letters and numbers to help identify electronic resources. The DOI is sometimes assigned to a book when it is published and is available electronically. If your book has a DOI, it is recommended to use it when referencing.
The DOI is usually located on the first page of the book, near the copyright notice. The DOI can sometimes be found on the library database landing page for the book.
In-text Citation
Rule = (Author Year) OR Author (Year) OR (Author Year:page number)
The cost of charging fares for public transport incurs it’s own cost due to the need to collect money and manage and secure it safely (Walker 2024).
OR
Walker (2024) states that it is expensive for public authorities to charge fares for public transport due to the costs associated with collecting, managing and safeguarding the money.
OR
‘… charging fares is expensive. It requires sophisticated farebox technology and an infrastructure of cash handling, including a lot of security’ (Walker 2024:134).
Reference List (including titles with and without DOIs)
Rule = Author AA (Year) Title of book: subtitle of book, Name of Publisher, doi:number OR URL.
McTaggart J, Cook J, Castelo R and Pickering J (2024) Emerging literacy: unlocking instruction for every child, Taylor and Francis, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/tafeqld/detail.action?docID=31466940.
Porter S (2023) The sweating sickness epidemic: Henry VIII’s great fear, Pen & Sword History, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=a6d5b2ac-77a8-3058-b39e-e98ffbe7b65c.
Rogers A and Kelly L (2025) A toolkit for effective everyday activism, Taylor and Francis, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003333982.
Walker J (2024) Human transit: how clearer thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives, Rev. edn, Island Press, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=937f2edb-3bc1-3153-8848-de15ab84366f.