Note: Personal communication can include letters, e-mails, private interviews, face to face conversations, and telephone calls etc. which are usually cited in-text.
It is important that you obtain permission from the person involved before citing them. Full details of the date of personal communication (day, month and year) should be provided in text. No entry in the reference list is required for personal communications
In-text Citation
Examples:
Joan Clarke (personal communication, 24 April 2021).
When interviewed on 24 April 2021 Ms J Clarke confirmed...
Ms J Clarke confirmed this by e-mail on 24 April 2021.
Reference List
No entry is needed in the reference list.